Whenever pictures and videos of Yemen's Houthi fighters surface, one thing often catches people's attention: their cheeks appear quite swollen on one side, as if they have stuffed something inside. In many photos, green leaves are clearly visible in their mouths.
What exactly are these green leaves? Why do Houthi fighters keep them tucked in their cheeks? Is it a narcotic substance, and how does it affect the body?
What is 'Qat' and Why Do People Chew It?
These leaves are known as Qat or Khat, a bushy plant whose tender leaves and twigs are chewed. According to reports, its use is so common in Yemen that it has become a part of everyday life and social gatherings. Qat leaves contain a psychoactive compound whose effects are similar to stimulants like amphetamines.
Instead of eating or swallowing Qat normally, people gather the fresh leaves on one side of their mouth, keeping them tucked between the cheek and gums. This is why one cheek appears swollen in photographs. Within 30 to 60 minutes, the stimulating effects begin to manifest.
Impact on the Body and Society
The primary effect of chewing Qat comes from its psychoactive compounds, which stimulate the brain and nervous system. After chewing it, individuals may feel heightened alertness, energy, and talkativeness for a short period. This is why many people in Yemen have used it to combat fatigue or stay awake during long hours.
However, long-term or excessive use can lead to restlessness, irritability, and health risks. It is important to note that Qat is not exclusive to Houthi fighters; a vast majority of adult men and women in Yemen consume it as part of a centuries-old cultural tradition.
The Water Crisis Connection
The story of Qat is not limited to tradition or stimulation; it is deeply tied to Yemen's severe water crisis. Growing Qat requires massive amounts of irrigation. Since Yemen is already one of the most water-scarce countries in the world, the heavy extraction of groundwater for Qat cultivation has critically depleted water basins.
'The Freelance' does not independently verify the claims made in viral videos shared on social media platforms. These visuals continue to spark widespread discussion online. Video Courtesy: Respective Social Media Handlers / Creators.
